Steam achievements stopped triggering for some players after the localization update.
This is now patched.
Achievements were still being logged locally, so anything you earned during normal gameplay will re-sync with Steam the next time you launch the game.
This also covers achievements earned while playing offline or when Steam was down, so fire it up and claim what you're owed. No progress lost.
Thanks for being patient with these Early Access hiccups.
Cheers, James